El aspecto humano de la internacionalización de empresas: ¿Es la experiencia internacional crucial?
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De acuerdo con la literatura sobre emprendimiento internacional ciertas características particulares del gerente pueden propiciar un mejor el desempeño comercial de su empresa en los mercados internacionales, en particular la experiencia internacional es considerada por muchos como el factor crucial para la internacionalización. Pese a esto, algunos autores sostienen que la experiencia internacional no es un factor vital para la expansión internacional de las empresas. Todavía no queda claro cómo y por qué tal experiencia puede incidir en un mayor grado de internalización de una empresa. Su relevancia para la internacionalización queda simplemente implícita. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el mecanismo a través del cual la experiencia internacional de gerentes podría impactar el grado de internacionalización de pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes). Para ello, se desarrolla un modelo de investigación el cual se prueba empíricamente en una muestra de 133 gerentes propietarios de pymes que exportan. Aplicando un protocolo estricto en técnicas de modelización de ecuaciones estructurales nuestros resultados sugieren que la experiencia internacional de un gerente impacta indirectamente en el grado de internacionalización de una pyme, influyendo en mayores niveles de proactividad y menores niveles de percepción de riesgo de expansión internacional. La proactividad de los gerentes en los mercados internacionales es el factor clave que influye en el grado de internacionalización de las pymes. La percepción del riesgo de expansión internacional impacta en gran medida los niveles de proactividad de los gerentes en mercados internacionales.
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