Uso agrícola de extratos vegetais nanoencapsulados no controle de fitopatógenos e na pós-colheita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47633/x2m2x827Palavras-chave:
agricultura sustentável, biofungicidas, metabólitos vegetais, nanocápsulasResumo
A nanoencapsulação de extratos vegetais surge como uma alternativa inovadora para fortalecer o manejo sustentável de fitopatógenos e melhorar a qualidade pós-colheita. O objetivo desta revisão é sintetizar os avanços recentes no uso de nanoformulações baseadas em compostos bioativos de origem vegetal, bem como analisar seus mecanismos de ação, benefícios, limitações e perspectivas de aplicação em sistemas agrícolas. Para isso, reúne-se e analisa-se literatura científica atual e relevante, priorizando estudos que relatam resultados experimentais, desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e aplicações em campo ou pós-colheita. Os achados mostram que a nanoencapsulação aumenta a estabilidade, biodisponibilidade e eficácia de metabólitos vegetais, como fenóis, terpenos e óleos essenciais, ao protegê-los da degradação ambiental, melhorar sua solubilidade e permitir a liberação controlada. As nanoformulações apresentam atividades antifúngicas e antibacterianas superiores às dos extratos livres, além de melhor adesão e retenção em superfícies vegetais. Da mesma forma, aplicações pós-colheita demonstram benefícios como redução de danos fisiológicos e atraso no desenvolvimento de patógenos. No entanto, persistem desafios relacionados à variabilidade das formulações, aos custos de produção, à escassez de estudos de longo prazo sobre ecotoxicidade e destino ambiental e à falta de marcos regulatórios específicos. En conclusão, a nanoencapsulação representa uma ferramenta promissora para a bioagricultura, capaz de potencializar o valor dos extratos vegetais e contribuir para práticas mais sustentáveis, embora sua implementação exija pesquisas adicionais, padronização tecnológica e regulamentação adequada.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Raymundo Alejandro Pérez Hernández, Hilda Amelia Piñón Castillo, David Gilberto García Hernández, David Mizael Ortiz Martínez, Aldo Rodrigo González Luna, Abelardo Chávez Montes, Karina Lizeth Estrada Platas, Juanita Guadalupe Gutiérrez Soto
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